DGconjugate - Maple Help
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DifferentialGeometry[DGconjugate] - find the complex conjugate of a vector, tensor or differential form; find the conjugate of a quaternion or octonion

DifferentialGeometry[DGRe] - find the real part of a vector, tensor or differential form; find the real part of a quaternion or octonion

DifferentialGeometry[DGIm] - find the  imaginary part of a vector, a tensor or differential form; find the imaginary part of a quaternion or octonion

 

Calling Sequence

Parameters

Description

Examples

Calling Sequence

 DGconjugate(T, option)

 DGconjugate(X)

 DGRe(T, option)

 DGRe(X)

 DGIm(T, option)

 DGIm(X)

Parameters

T

-

a tensor, differential form or vector defined on a manifold with complex coordinates

X

-

a quaternion or octonion

option

-

the keyword argument complexconjugatepairs = [[a1, a2], [b1, b2], ...] where [a1, a2], ... are Maple expressions (appearing the coefficients of T) which are to be interchanged under conjugation

Description

• 

 The calling sequences DGconjugate(T, option), DGRe(T, option), DGIm(T, option) compute the complex conjugate, real part, and imaginary part of a tensor or differential form T. The coordinate variables are assumed to be real unless explicitly declared to be complex by using the keyword argument complexconjugatepairs as part of the calling sequence to DGsetup.

• 

The calling sequences DGconjugate(X), DGRe(X), DGIm(X) compute the complex conjugate, real part, and imaginary part of a quaternion or octonion X.

Examples

> 

with⁡DifferentialGeometry:with⁡LieAlgebras:

 

Example 1.

Define a 4-dimensional manifold with coordinates x, y, u, v, where x and y are real coordinates, u and v are complex coordinates and the complex conjugate of u is v.

 

> 

DGsetup⁡x,y,u,v,M,complexconjugatepairs=u,v

frame name: M

(4.1)

 

Calculate the complex conjugate of some vectors on M.

M > 

X1≔evalDG⁡D_x+D_u

X1:=D_x+D_u

(4.2)
M > 

DGconjugate⁡X1

D_x+D_v

(4.3)
M > 

X2≔evalDG⁡I⁢D_x+D_u−D_v

X2:=I⁢D_x+D_u−D_v

(4.4)
M > 

DGconjugate⁡X2

−I⁢D_x−D_u+D_v

(4.5)

 

Calculate the complex conjugate of a vector depending upon parameters α and β. First assume α and β are real.

M > 

X3≔evalDG⁡α⁢D_x+uβ⁢D_v

X3:=α⁢D_x+u⁢D_vβ

(4.6)
M > 

DGconjugate⁡X3

α⁢D_x+v⁢D_uβ

(4.7)

 

Now suppose that α is complex and that the complex conjugate of α is β.

M > 

DGconjugate⁡X3,complexconjugatepairs=α,β

β⁢D_x+v⁢D_uα

(4.8)

 

Calculate the complex conjugate of a rank 2 tensor:

M > 

T1≔evalDG⁡u⁢dx&tdy+y⁢dx&tdv+u2+v2⁢du&tdv

T1:=u⁢dx⁢dy+y⁢dx⁢dv+u2+v2⁢du⁢dv

(4.9)
M > 

DGconjugate⁡T1

v⁢dx⁢dy+y⁢dx⁢du+u2+v2⁢dv⁢du

(4.10)

 

Calculate the complex conjugate of a rank 4 differential form

M > 

ω1≔evalDG⁡I⁢dx&wdy&wdu&wdv

ω1:=I⁢dx⁢⋀⁢dy⁢⋀⁢du⁢⋀⁢dv

(4.11)
M > 

DGconjugate⁡ω1

I⁢dx⁢⋀⁢dy⁢⋀⁢du⁢⋀⁢dv

(4.12)

 

Example 2.

Calculate the real and imaginary parts of the vectors, tensors and differential forms defined in Example 1.

 

M > 

X1,DGRe⁡X1,DGIm⁡X1

D_x+D_u,D_x+12⁢D_u+12⁢D_v,−12⁢I⁢D_u+12⁢I⁢D_v

(4.13)
M > 

X2,DGRe⁡X2,DGIm⁡X2

I⁢D_x+D_u−D_v,0⁢D_x,D_x−I⁢D_u+I⁢D_v

(4.14)
M > 

T1

u⁢dx⁢dy+y⁢dx⁢dv+u2+v2⁢du⁢dv

(4.15)
M > 

DGRe⁡T1

12⁢v+12⁢u⁢dx⁢dy+12⁢y⁢dx⁢du+12⁢y⁢dx⁢dv+12⁢u2+12⁢v2⁢du⁢dv+12⁢u2+12⁢v2⁢dv⁢du

(4.16)
M > 

DGIm⁡T1

−12⁢I⁢−v+u⁢dx⁢dy+12⁢I⁢y⁢dx⁢du−12⁢I⁢y⁢dx⁢dv−12⁢I⁢u2+v2⁢du⁢dv+12⁢I⁢u2+v2⁢dv⁢du

(4.17)
M > 

ω1,DGRe⁡ω1,DGIm⁡ω1

I⁢dx⁢⋀⁢dy⁢⋀⁢du⁢⋀⁢dv,I⁢dx⁢⋀⁢dy⁢⋀⁢du⁢⋀⁢dv,0⁢dx⁢⋀⁢dy⁢⋀⁢du⁢⋀⁢dv

(4.18)

 

Example 3.

The command DGconjugate works with anholonomic frames. To check this, first define an anholonomic frame and initialize it..

 

alg > 

FD≔FrameData⁡D_x,u⁢D_y,u⁢D_u+v⁢D_v,v⁢D_u−u⁢D_v,N

FD:=E2,E3=−E2,E2,E4=−v⁢E2u

(4.19)
M > 

DGsetup⁡FD

frame name: N

(4.20)
M > 

DGconjugate⁡E1,E2,E3,E4

E1,v⁢E2u,E3,−E4

(4.21)

 

Example 4.

Find the conjugate of a quaternion. First use the command AlgebraData to obtain the structure equations for the quaternions.

> 

AD≔AlgebraLibraryData⁡Quaternions,alg

AD:=e12=e1,e1.e2=e2,e1.e3=e3,e1.e4=e4,e2.e1=e2,e22=−e1,e2.e3=e4,e2.e4=−e3,e3.e1=e3,e3.e2=−e4,e32=−e1,e3.e4=e2,e4.e1=e4,e4.e2=e3,e4.e3=−e2,e42=−e1

(4.22)

 

The labels for the vectors and dual 1-forms can be specified upon initialization of the algebra. We will use the standard e,i,j,k for the quaternion basis vectors, and α,β,δ,ε for the dual 1-forms.

 

> 

DGsetup⁡AD,e,i,j,k,α,β,δ,ε

algebra name: alg

(4.23)
alg > 

MultiplicationTable⁡

 

Define a quaternion.

M > 

X≔evalDG⁡3⁢e+2⁢i−3⁢j+4⁢k

X:=3⁢e+2⁢i−3⁢j+4⁢k

(4.24)
alg > 

DGconjugate⁡X

3⁢e−2⁢i+3⁢j−4⁢k

(4.25)

 

Example 5.

Find the conjugate of an octonian. Use the command AlgebraData to obtain the structure equations for the octonions.

> 

AD≔AlgebraLibraryData⁡Octonions,alg

AD:=e12=e1,e1.e2=e2,e1.e3=e3,e1.e4=e4,e1.e5=e5,e1.e6=e6,e1.e7=e7,e1.e8=e8,e2.e1=e2,e22=−e1,e2.e3=e4,e2.e4=−e3,e2.e5=e6,e2.e6=−e5,e2.e7=−e8,e2.e8=e7,e3.e1=e3,e3.e2=−e4,e32=−e1,e3.e4=e2,e3.e5=e7,e3.e6=e8,e3.e7=−e5,e3.e8=−e6,e4.e1=e4,e4.e2=e3,e4.e3=−e2,e42=−e1,e4.e5=e8,e4.e6=−e7,e4.e7=e6,e4.e8=−e5,e5.e1=e5,e5.e2=−e6,e5.e3=−e7,e5.e4=−e8,e52=−e1,e5.e6=e2,e5.e7=e3,e5.e8=e4,e6.e1=e6,e6.e2=e5,e6.e3=−e8,e6.e4=e7,e6.e5=−e2,e62=−e1,e6.e7=−e4,e6.e8=e3,e7.e1=e7,e7.e2=e8,e7.e3=e5,e7.e4=−e6,e7.e5=−e3,e7.e6=e4,e72=−e1,e7.e8=−e2,e8.e1=e8,e8.e2=−e7,e8.e3=e6,e8.e4=e5,e8.e5=−e4,e8.e6=−e3,e8.e7=e2,e82=−e1

(4.26)
alg > 

DGsetup⁡AD

algebra name: alg

(4.27)

 

Define an octonion.

> 

X≔evalDG⁡3⁢e1+2⁢e3−3⁢e6+4⁢e8

X:=3⁢e1+2⁢e3−3⁢e6+4⁢e8

(4.28)
alg > 

DGconjugate⁡X

3⁢e1−2⁢e3+3⁢e6−4⁢e8

(4.29)

 

See Also

DifferentialGeometry

LieAlgebras

AlgebraData

AlgebraInverse

AlgebraNorm