Name

Description

Color

Tire reference frame, which must be connected to a tire body component.

Gray

Symbol

Default

Units

Description

ID

Nominal normal force

Fz0

Unloaded radius

R0

Nominal (measured) forward speed

V0

-

Scale factor of nominal load

LFz0

-

Scale factor of Fx,Fy shape factor

LCxLCy

-

Scale factor of Fx, Fy peak friction coefficient

LmuxLmuy

-

Scale factor of Fx, Fy curvature factor

LExLEy

-

Scale factor of Fx, Fy slip stiffness

LKxLKy

-

Scale factor of Fx, Fy horizontal shift

LHxLHy

-

Scale factor of Fx, Fy vertical shift

LVxLVy

-

Scale factor of inclination for Fx, Fy, Mz

Lgammaxyz

-

Scale factor of peak pneumatic trail

Ltrail

-

Scale factor for offset of residual torque

Lres

-

Scale factor of slip-angle influence on Fx

LXalpha

-

Scale factor of longslip influence on Fy

LYkappa

-

Scale factor of longslip influence on Fy vertical shift

LVykappa

-

Scale factor of moment arm of Fx about vertical axis

LS

-

Scale factor of overturning couple and rolling resistance torque

LMxLMy

-

Scale factor of Mx vertical shift

LVMx

-

Shape factor for longitudinal force

PCx1

-

Longitudinal friction at Fz0, force variation with load, inclination

PDx1PDx3

-

Longitudinal curvature at Fz0, variation with load, variation with load squared, factor while driving (causes asymmetry)

PEx1PEx4

-

Longitudinal slip stiffness at Fz0, variation with load, exponent in slip stiffness with load

PKx1PKx3

-

Horizontal shift of longitudinal slip at Fz0, variation with load

PHx1PHx2

-

Vertical shift at Fz0, variation with load

PVx1PVx2

-

Slope factor for combined slip Fx reduction, variation with load

RBx1RBx2

-

Shape factor for combined slip Fx reduction

RCx1

-

Curvature factor for combined slip Fx reduction, variation with load

REx1REx2

-

Shift factor for combined slip Fx reduction

RHx1

-

Overturning moment coefficients

QSx1QSx3

-

Shape factor for pure lateral force

PCy1

-

Lateral peak friction, variation with load, inclination squared

PDy1PDy3

-

Lateral force curvature factor at Fz0, variation with load, sign of slip angle, inclination

PEy1PEy4

-

Maximum value of cornering stiffness, load (Fz/Fz0) at which cornering stiffness reaches its max value, variation of with inclination

PKy1PKy3

-

Horizontal shift of lateral force at Fz0, variation with load, inclination

PHy1PHy3

-

Vertical shift at Fz0, variation with load, inclination, inclination and load

PVy1PVy4

-

Slope factor for combined slip Fy reduction, variation with slip angle, shift term for alpha in slope factor

RBy1RBy3

-

Shape factor for combined slip Fy reduction

RCy1

-

Curvature factor for combined slip Fy reduction, variation with load

REy1REy2

-

Shift factor for combined slip Fy reduction, variation with load

RHy1RHy2

-

Longitudinal slip induced side forces at Fz0, variation with load, inclination, slip angle, longitudinal slip, and arctan of longitudinal slip

RVy1RVy6

-

Rolling resistance coefficients

QSy1QSy4

-

Pneumatic trail slope factor at Fz0, variation with load, load squared, inclination, absolute inclination

QBz1QBz5

-

Slope factors for residual torque

QBz9QBz10

-

Shape factor for pneumatic trail

QCz1

-

Peak pneumatic trail, variation with load, inclination, load and inclination

QDz1QDz4

-

Peak residual torque, variation with load, inclination, load and inclination

QDz6QDz9

-

Pneumatic trail curvature at Fz0, variation with load, load squared, sign of slip angle, sign of slip angle and inclination

QEz1QEz5

-

Pneumatic trail horizontal shift at Fz0, variation with load, inclination, load and inclination

QHz1QHz4

-

Nominal value of S/R0, variation with Fy, inclination, load and inclination

SSz1SSz4