Physics[Dagger] - compute the Hermitian conjugate or Adjoint of a given mathematical object
|
Calling Sequence
|
|
Dagger(A)
|
|
Parameters
|
|
A
|
-
|
any mathematical expression
|
|
|
|
|
Description
|
|
•
|
The Dagger command returns the Hermitian conjugate, also called adjoint, of its argument, so, for example, if A is a square matrix, then Dagger(A) computes the complex conjugate of the transpose of .
|
•
|
The %Dagger command is the inert form of Dagger; that is, it represents the same mathematical operation while displaying the operation unevaluated. To evaluate the operation, use the value command.
|
•
|
The result returned by Dagger is built as follows:
|
|
- If is Hermitian, then return .
|
|
- If is a (commutative) constant or a Bracket, then return the conjugate of
|
|
- If is a Bra or a Ket, then return the dual; that is, the corresponding Ket or Bra, respectively.
|
|
- If is an Annihilation or a Creation operator, then return the corresponding Creation or Annihilation, respectively.
|
|
- If is a Matrix, then return the conjugate of the transpose of .
|
|
- If is a sum of terms, then return the sum of the Dagger of each term.
|
|
- If is a (noncommutative) product, then return the product of the Dagger of each factor, after reversing their order in the product.
|
|
- If is linear operator such as diff, d_, or dAlembertian, then return the linear operator applied to the Dagger of the first operand of .
|
|
- Otherwise, return the operation unevaluated, Dagger(A).
|
|
|
Examples
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
| (1) |
>
|
|
| (2) |
>
|
|
| (3) |
You can also use the inert form of Dagger by prefixing the command's name with %.
>
|
|
| (4) |
>
|
|
| (5) |
>
|
|
| (6) |
>
|
|
| (7) |
For Annihilation and Creation operators, Dagger return the dual, respectively.
>
|
|
| (8) |
>
|
|
| (9) |
>
|
|
| (10) |
>
|
|
| (11) |
Set the representation for Dirac matrices to be the standard one.
>
|
|
| (12) |
>
|
|
| (13) |
>
|
|
| (14) |
For sums and products, Dagger maps itself over the operands, reversing the order of the arguments in the case of noncommutative products or scalar products. First set a prefix to identify noncommutative symbols.
>
|
|
| (15) |
>
|
|
| (16) |
>
|
|
| (17) |
>
|
|
| (18) |
Thus, the Dagger of an AntiCommutator of Hermitian operators is equal to itself (however, the product of two Hermitian operators is Hermitian only if they commute).
>
|
|
| (19) |
>
|
|
| (20) |
>
|
|
| (21) |
In the generic, non-Hermitian case:
>
|
|
| (22) |
For linear operators, differential and others, Dagger is applied to the first operand.
>
|
|
| (23) |
>
|
|
| (24) |
>
|
|
| (25) |
>
|
|
|
|
See Also
|
|
Annihilation, AntiCommutator, Bra, Bracket, Commutator, Creation, d_, dAlembertian, g_, Ket, Physics, Physics conventions, Physics examples, Setup, value
|
|