<Text-field layout="Heading 1" style="Heading 1">Introduction</Text-field>

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Inverted Pendulum on an Oscillating Table

Frank Wang, fw@phys.columbia.edu

This worksheet calculates the motion of an inverted pendulum on an oscillating table

The following Maple techniques are highlighted:

Developing the equations of motion

Plotting the pendulum's motion

Creating an animation to visualze the pendulum

<Text-field layout="Heading 1" style="Heading 1">The Problem</Text-field>

A pendulum of mass m and a massless stick of length l is invertedly attached to a vertically oscillating table; the position of the table is given by A*cos(omega*t). We want to find the motion of the pendulum. This worksheet shows that when omega is large enough, the pendulum will not fall over.

<Text-field layout="Heading 1" style="Heading 1">Initialization</Text-field>

restart: interface( warnlevel=0 ): with( plots ): with( plottools ):

<Text-field layout="Heading 1" style="Heading 1">Develop Equation of Motion</Text-field>

The position of the table is

y2 := A*cos(omega*t);

The position of the pendulum is

x1 := l*sin(theta(t));

y1 := l*cos(theta(t)) + y2;

The kinetic energy is

T := 1/2*m*(diff(x1,t)^2 + diff(y1,t)^2);

The potential energy is

V := m*g*y1;

The Lagrangian is the difference between kinetic and potential energies:

L := T - V;

To differentiate the Lagrangian with respect to NiMtJSZ0aGV0YUc2IyUidEc= and its time derivative, both functions of time, we use the EulerLagrange routine from the VariationalCalculus package.

el := VariationalCalculus:-EulerLagrange(L, t, theta(t));

The Euler-Lagrange equation gives the equation of motion.

eulerLagrange := op( simplify(el) ) = 0;

We provide the experimental configurations

m:=.05; l:=0.1; g:=9.8; A:=0.01; omega:=150; # adjust your omega

and initial conditions, so that we can solve the differential equation.

ini:=theta(0)=-Pi/20, D(theta)(0)=0;

We use dsolve, with the option numeric

Eq75 := dsolve({eulerLagrange, ini}, theta(t), numeric, output=listprocedure);

<Text-field layout="Heading 1" style="Heading 1">Visualize the Pendulum</Text-field>

We plot the solution, which indicates that the pendulum oscillate without falling over.

odeplot(Eq75, [t, theta(t)], 0..10, numpoints=360);

We animate the motion of the pendulum.

noffm:=100: divs:=10:

for i from 0 by 1 to noffm do x1 := l*sin(rhs(Eq75[2](i/divs))): y1 := l*cos(rhs(Eq75[2](i/divs))) + A*cos(omega*(i/divs)): rod[i]:=curve([[0,A*cos(omega*(i/divs))], [x1,y1]]): ms1[i]:=disk([x1,y1], 0.005, color=red): anima[i]:=display({rod[i],ms1[i]}): end do:

display([seq(anima[i],i=0..noffm)],insequence=true,scaling=constrained,axes=none, view=[-1.2*l..1.2*l, -1.2*l..1.2*l]);

On the other hand, if NiMlJm9tZWdhRw== is not large enough, the pendulum will fall over.

m:=.05; l:=0.1; g:=9.8; A:=0.01; omega:=90; # adjust your omega

ini:=theta(0)=-Pi/20, D(theta)(0)=0;

Eq75 := dsolve({eulerLagrange, ini}, theta(t), numeric, output=listprocedure);

odeplot(Eq75, [t, theta(t)], 0..10, numpoints=120);

noffm:=100: divs:=10:

display([seq(anima[i],i=0..noffm)],insequence=true,scaling=constrained,axes=none, view=[-1.2*l..1.2*l, -1.2*l..1.2*l]);

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