Main Sequence Lifetime **JSFHLUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEocmVzdGFydEYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy8lK2V4ZWN1dGFibGVHUSZmYWxzZUYnL0YzUSdub3JtYWxGJw==Problem: (A) Calculate the Main Sequence lifetime of the Sun. (B) Devise a formula in solar units relating the Main Sequence lifetime to stellar mass, and use it to calculate the Main sequence lifetimes of (i) a 17-solar-mass star, and (ii) a 0.34-solar-mass star. (Information is from Irwin (2007).)Hints:Use cgs units.15% of mass is used in core fusion.Luminosity is constant over time.For the Sun: Find the available mass of hydrogen; find the number of available protons; find the number of pp-chain reactions at one reaction per four protons; find the total energy released; convert this to ergs; divide by luminosity to find the time.For Main Sequence stars in general: find an equation relating mass to luminosity in solar units; use absolute mass and bolometric correction to find the absolute bolometric magnitude of the star; use the absolute bolometric magnitude to find the luminosity of the star; use the magnitude and luminosity equation that you devised to find the lifetime of the star.Data: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print(); # input 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placeholderLUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYtLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEnYm9sY29yRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0YnLUkobWZlbmNlZEdGJDYmLUYjNiUtSSNtbkdGJDYkUSMzNEYnL0YzUSdub3JtYWxGJy8lK2V4ZWN1dGFibGVHUSZmYWxzZUYnRj5GPi8lJW9wZW5HUSJbRicvJSZjbG9zZUdRIl1GJy1JI21vR0YkNi1RKiZjb2xvbmVxO0YnRj4vJSZmZW5jZUdGQi8lKnNlcGFyYXRvckdGQi8lKXN0cmV0Y2h5R0ZCLyUqc3ltbWV0cmljR0ZCLyUobGFyZ2VvcEdGQi8lLm1vdmFibGVsaW1pdHNHRkIvJSdhY2NlbnRHRkIvJSdsc3BhY2VHUSwwLjI3Nzc3NzhlbUYnLyUncnNwYWNlR0Znbi1GSjYtUSomdW1pbnVzMDtGJ0Y+Rk1GT0ZRRlNGVUZXRlkvRmZuUSwwLjIyMjIyMjJlbUYnL0ZpbkZeby1GOzYkUSUxLjUyRidGPi1GSjYtUSJ+RidGPkZNRk9GUUZTRlVGV0ZZL0ZmblEmMC4wZW1GJy9GaW5GZ29GY28tRko2LVEiI0YnRj5GTUZPRlFGU0ZVRldGWUZmb0Zoby1GLDYlUVN+fmJvbG9tZXRyaWN+Y29ycmVjdGlvbn5mb3J+YX4wLjM0LXNvbGFyLW1hc3N+c3RhckYnRi9GMkZARj4=print(); # input 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# input 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: p-p chain reactionprint(); # input 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print(); # input 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(); # input 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print(); # input placeholderLUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYvLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEjc3lGJy8lJ2l0YWxpY0dRJXRydWVGJy8lLG1hdGh2YXJpYW50R1EnaXRhbGljRictSSNtb0dGJDYtUSomY29sb25lcTtGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRicvJSZmZW5jZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvJSpzZXBhcmF0b3JHRj0vJSlzdHJldGNoeUdGPS8lKnN5bW1ldHJpY0dGPS8lKGxhcmdlb3BHRj0vJS5tb3ZhYmxlbGltaXRzR0Y9LyUnYWNjZW50R0Y9LyUnbHNwYWNlR1EsMC4yNzc3Nzc4ZW1GJy8lJ3JzcGFjZUdGTC1JI21uR0YkNiRRJjMuMTU2RidGOS1GNjYtUScmc2RvdDtGJ0Y5RjtGPkZARkJGREZGRkgvRktRJjAuMGVtRicvRk5GVy1JJW1zdXBHRiQ2JS1GUDYkUSMxMEYnRjktRiM2JC1GUDYkUSI3RidGOUY5LyUxc3VwZXJzY3JpcHRzaGlmdEdRIjBGJy1JKG1mZW5jZWRHRiQ2KC1GIzYkLUYsNiVRInNGJ0YvRjJGOUY5L0krbXNlbWFudGljc0dGJFElVW5pdEYnLyUlb3BlbkdRKCZsb2JyaztGJy8lJmNsb3NlR1EoJnJvYnJrO0YnRmlvLUZaNiUtRmJvNigtRiM2JC1GLDYlUSN5ckYnRi9GMkY5RjlGaW9GXHBGX3BGaW8tRiM2JS1GNjYtUSomdW1pbnVzMDtGJ0Y5RjtGPkZARkJGREZGRkgvRktRLDAuMjIyMjIyMmVtRicvRk5GYXEtRlA2JFEiMUYnRjlGOUZeby1GNjYtUSJ+RidGOUY7Rj5GQEZCRkRGRkZIRlZGWEZmcS1GNjYtUSIjRidGOUY7Rj5GQEZCRkRGRkZIRlZGWC1GLDYlUT1+fm51bWJlcn5vZn5zZWNvbmRzfnBlcn55ZWFyRidGL0YyLyUrZXhlY3V0YWJsZUdGPUY5print(); # input placeholderUseful Equations: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Solution:(A) Calculating the Main Sequence lifetime of the Sun:JSFHThe available mass of hydrogen: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print(); # input placeholderprint(); # input placeholderThe number of available protons: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print(); # input placeholderNumber of reactions equals the number of protons per reaction: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(); # input placeholderJSFHTotal energy equals the number of reactions times the energy per reaction:LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYoLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiRUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1JI21vR0YkNi1RKiZjb2xvbmVxO0YnL0YzUSdub3JtYWxGJy8lJmZlbmNlR1EmZmFsc2VGJy8lKnNlcGFyYXRvckdGPS8lKXN0cmV0Y2h5R0Y9LyUqc3ltbWV0cmljR0Y9LyUobGFyZ2VvcEdGPS8lLm1vdmFibGVsaW1pdHNHRj0vJSdhY2NlbnRHRj0vJSdsc3BhY2VHUSwwLjI3Nzc3NzhlbUYnLyUncnNwYWNlR0ZMLUYsNiVRKXNpbXBsaWZ5RidGL0YyLUkobWZlbmNlZEdGJDYkLUYjNiotRiw2JVEiTkYnRi9GMi1GUzYmLUYjNiUtRiw2JVEickYnRi9GMi8lK2V4ZWN1dGFibGVHRj1GOUY5LyUlb3BlbkdRIltGJy8lJmNsb3NlR1EiXUYnLUY2Ni1RJyZzZG90O0YnRjlGO0Y+RkBGQkZERkZGSC9GS1EmMC4wZW1GJy9GTkZnby1GLDYlUSgmIzkxNjttRidGL0YyRmNvLUklbXN1cEdGJDYlLUYsNiVRImNGJ0YvRjItRiM2JS1JI21uR0YkNiRRIjJGJ0Y5Ri9GMi8lMXN1cGVyc2NyaXB0c2hpZnRHUSIwRidGW29GOUY5RltvRjk=print(); # input placeholderJSFHConvert to ergs: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print(); # input placeholderJSFHSolar lifetime in seconds for constant luminosity: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print(); # input placeholderIn years:LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYlLUkmbWZyYWNHRiQ2KC1GIzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEjdHNGJy8lJ2l0YWxpY0dRJmZhbHNlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ25vcm1hbEYnRjctRiM2JS1GMTYlUSNzeUYnRjRGNy9GNVEldHJ1ZUYnL0Y4USdpdGFsaWNGJy8lLmxpbmV0aGlja25lc3NHUSIxRicvJStkZW5vbWFsaWduR1EnY2VudGVyRicvJSludW1hbGlnbkdGSC8lKWJldmVsbGVkR0Y2LyUrZXhlY3V0YWJsZUdGNkY3print(); # input placeholderor approximate 10 billion years.(B) Main Sequence Stars in GeneralJSFHJSFHUsing the procedure above, derive an equation for the lifespan of a Main Sequence star: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print(); # input 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(); # input placeholderJSFHConvert to solar units and years: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print(); # input placeholderJSFHTo find the lifetime in years of a Main Sequence star, multiply the ratio of the star's mass and luminosity in solar units times approximately 1010 years.(B.i) Finding the Main Sequence lifetime of a 17-solar-mass star:JSFHFrom Table 1 in the text, a star of 17 solar masses has an absolute visual magnitude of -3.3 and a bolometric correction of -3.34. By Equation 9 in the text, 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print(); # input placeholderFrom Table 1, the absolute bolometric magnitude of the Sun is 4.81 - 0.07 = 4.74Using Equation 10 in the text: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print(); # input 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print(); # input placeholderLUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=Using Equation 22, above:LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYmLUkmbWZyYWNHRiQ2KC1GIzYsLUYjNiotSSNtbkdGJDYkUSUxLjAzRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ25vcm1hbEYnLUkjbW9HRiQ2LVExJkludmlzaWJsZVRpbWVzO0YnRjYvJSZmZW5jZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvJSpzZXBhcmF0b3JHRj8vJSlzdHJldGNoeUdGPy8lKnN5bW1ldHJpY0dGPy8lKGxhcmdlb3BHRj8vJS5tb3ZhYmxlbGltaXRzR0Y/LyUnYWNjZW50R0Y/LyUnbHNwYWNlR1EmMC4wZW1GJy8lJ3JzcGFjZUdGTi1JJW1zdXBHRiQ2JS1GMzYkUSMxMEYnRjZGVC8lMXN1cGVyc2NyaXB0c2hpZnRHUSIwRicvJStmb3JlZ3JvdW5kR1EqWzAsMCwyNTVdRicvJStleGVjdXRhYmxlR0Y/LyUpcmVhZG9ubHlHUSV0cnVlRicvJTBmb250X3N0eWxlX25hbWVHUSoyRH5PdXRwdXRGJ0Y2RjktSSNtaUdGJDYlUSJNRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHRltvL0Y3USdpdGFsaWNGJ0Y5LUkobWZlbmNlZEdGJDYmLUZgbzYlUSN5ckYnRmNvRmVvRjYvJSVvcGVuR1EoJmxvYnJrO0YnLyUmY2xvc2VHUSgmcm9icms7RidGWkZnbkZpbkZcb0Y2LUYjNigtRmBvNiVRIkxGJ0Zjb0Zlb0ZaRmduRmluRlxvRjYvJS5saW5ldGhpY2tuZXNzR1EiMUYnLyUrZGVub21hbGlnbkdRJ2NlbnRlckYnLyUpbnVtYWxpZ25HRl1xLyUpYmV2ZWxsZWRHRj8tRjo2LVEiOkYnRjZGPUZARkJGREZGRkhGSi9GTVEsMC4yNzc3Nzc4ZW1GJy9GUEZmcUZnbkY2LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=For a 17-solar-mass star: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(); # input placeholderor about 4.9 million years.(B.ii) Finding the Main Sequence lifetime of a 0.34-solar-mass star:JSFHFrom Table 1 in the text, a star of 0.34 solar masses has an absolute visual magnitude of 12.0 and a bolometric correction of -1.52. By Equation 9 in the text, 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print(); # input placeholderUsing Equation 10 in the text: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print(); # input 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(); # input placeholderLUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=Using Equation 22, above:JSFHJSFHLUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYmLUkmbWZyYWNHRiQ2KC1GIzYsLUYjNiotSSNtbkdGJDYkUSUxLjAzRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ25vcm1hbEYnLUkjbW9HRiQ2LVExJkludmlzaWJsZVRpbWVzO0YnRjYvJSZmZW5jZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvJSpzZXBhcmF0b3JHRj8vJSlzdHJldGNoeUdGPy8lKnN5bW1ldHJpY0dGPy8lKGxhcmdlb3BHRj8vJS5tb3ZhYmxlbGltaXRzR0Y/LyUnYWNjZW50R0Y/LyUnbHNwYWNlR1EmMC4wZW1GJy8lJ3JzcGFjZUdGTi1JJW1zdXBHRiQ2JS1GMzYkUSMxMEYnRjZGVC8lMXN1cGVyc2NyaXB0c2hpZnRHUSIwRicvJStmb3JlZ3JvdW5kR1EqWzAsMCwyNTVdRicvJStleGVjdXRhYmxlR0Y/LyUpcmVhZG9ubHlHUSV0cnVlRicvJTBmb250X3N0eWxlX25hbWVHUSoyRH5PdXRwdXRGJ0Y2RjktSSNtaUdGJDYlUSJNRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHRltvL0Y3USdpdGFsaWNGJ0Y5LUkobWZlbmNlZEdGJDYmLUZgbzYlUSN5ckYnRmNvRmVvRjYvJSVvcGVuR1EoJmxvYnJrO0YnLyUmY2xvc2VHUSgmcm9icms7RidGWkZnbkZpbkZcb0Y2LUYjNigtRmBvNiVRIkxGJ0Zjb0Zlb0ZaRmduRmluRlxvRjYvJS5saW5ldGhpY2tuZXNzR1EiMUYnLyUrZGVub21hbGlnbkdRJ2NlbnRlckYnLyUpbnVtYWxpZ25HRl1xLyUpYmV2ZWxsZWRHRj8tRjo2LVEiOkYnRjZGPUZARkJGREZGRkhGSi9GTVEsMC4yNzc3Nzc4ZW1GJy9GUEZmcUZnbkY2JSFHLUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYpLUkjbW5HRiQ2JFElMS4wM0YnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdub3JtYWxGJy1JI21vR0YkNi1RJyZzZG90O0YnRi8vJSZmZW5jZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvJSpzZXBhcmF0b3JHRjgvJSlzdHJldGNoeUdGOC8lKnN5bW1ldHJpY0dGOC8lKGxhcmdlb3BHRjgvJS5tb3ZhYmxlbGltaXRzR0Y4LyUnYWNjZW50R0Y4LyUnbHNwYWNlR1EmMC4wZW1GJy8lJ3JzcGFjZUdGRy1JJW1zdXBHRiQ2JS1GLDYkUSMxMEYnRi8tRiM2J0ZNLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUrZXhlY3V0YWJsZUdGOC8lMGZvbnRfc3R5bGVfbmFtZUdRKDJEfk1hdGhGJy9GMFEnaXRhbGljRicvJTFzdXBlcnNjcmlwdHNoaWZ0R1EiMEYnRjItSShtZmVuY2VkR0YkNiQtRiM2JS1JJm1mcmFjR0YkNigtRiM2JS1GLDYkUSUwLjM0RidGL0ZSRlotRiM2Jy1GLDYkUSgwLjAwNTA2RidGL0ZSRlVGV0ZaLyUubGluZXRoaWNrbmVzc0dRIjFGJy8lK2Rlbm9tYWxpZ25HUSdjZW50ZXJGJy8lKW51bWFsaWduR0ZgcC8lKWJldmVsbGVkR0Y4RlVGL0YvRlVGLw==print(); # input placeholderLUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=or about 692 billion years, which is many times the age of the Universe.JSFH-----------------------------------------------------------------------------ReferenceIrwin, J. (2007). Astrophysics: Decoding the Cosmos. Chicester: John Wiley and Sons.LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=