Radio-Band and B-Band Luminosity and Brightness of Galaxy NGC 5236 LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">Problem</Text-field> Compare the radio and B-band intensity with the radio and B-band luminosity of the galaxy NGC 5236.
<Text-field style="Heading 2" layout="Heading 2">Hints</Text-field> For the radio band: Use cgs units. Calculate the solid angle subtended by the galaxy. Calculate the solid angle of the beam. Convert the specific intensity, which is the flux density per solid angle, to ergs/s. Calculate the flux density. Calculate the flux (flux density times bandwidth). Calculate the luminosity. For the B band: Convert the pixel size to steradians. Calculate f\316\275 from equation (10) in the text, using the reference flux from Table 2 (fc in the data list below): Divide f\316\275 by the unit solid angle to obtain the specific intensity. Multiply specific intensity times the galaxy's solid angle to obtain the flux density of the galaxy. Multiply flux density times \316\224\316\275 to obtain the total flux. Make a table of intensity and luminosity for the radio band and the B band, and compare the two bands.
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">Data</Text-field> Distance in Megaparsecs 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 JCIjcCEiIg== Number of Centimetres in One Parsec 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 JCIrKysrJzMkIiIq Major Axis in Arcminutes 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 JCIkNyIhIiI= Minor Axis in Arcminutes 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 JCIkLSIhIiI= Centre of Radio Band in GHz 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 JCIkXCIhIiM= Bandwith in MHz 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 IiNd Intensity in mJy per Beam 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 IiVYQw== Beam Diameter Circular Solid Angle in Arcseconds 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 IiNh B-band Magnitude 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 JCIkXikhIiM= Pixel Size on Sky in Square Arcseconds 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 IiIi Flux Density Calibration for the B-band Filter in units of ergs 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 JCIrKysralMhI0g= Full Width at Half-Maximum for B Filter in micrometres 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 JCIjKSohIiQ= Effective Wavelength for the B Filter in micrometres 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 IyIiIiI5KysrKysrKysrKys1 Speed of Light in Centimetres per second 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 JCIrKysheipIIiIi
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">Useful Equations</Text-field> Solid Angle Subtended by Major and Minor Axes in Arcseconds 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 LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= Flux Density 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 \316\224v for the B-band Filter 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 Total Flux LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYtLUkjbWlHRiQ2JlEiZkYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUrZXhlY3V0YWJsZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0YnLUkjbW9HRiQ2LlEiPUYnRjIvRjZRJ25vcm1hbEYnLyUmZmVuY2VHRjQvJSpzZXBhcmF0b3JHRjQvJSlzdHJldGNoeUdGNC8lKnN5bW1ldHJpY0dGNC8lKGxhcmdlb3BHRjQvJS5tb3ZhYmxlbGltaXRzR0Y0LyUnYWNjZW50R0Y0LyUnbHNwYWNlR1EsMC4yNzc3Nzc4ZW1GJy8lJ3JzcGFjZUdGTi1JJW1zdWJHRiQ2JUYrLUYjNigtRiw2JlEnJiM5NTc7RicvRjBGNEYyRjxGLy8lK2ZvcmVncm91bmRHUSxbMjAwLDAsMjAwXUYnRjIvJSxwbGFjZWhvbGRlckdGMUY1LyUvc3Vic2NyaXB0c2hpZnRHUSIwRictRjk2LlEnJnNkb3Q7RidGMkY8Rj5GQEZCRkRGRkZIRkovRk1RJjAuMGVtRicvRlBGYG8tRiw2JlEtJiM5MTY7JiM5NTc7RidGL0YyRjUtRjk2LlEiOkYnRjJGPEY+RkBGQkZERkZGSEZKRkxGTy1GOTYuUSJ+RidGMkY8Rj5GQEZCRkRGRkZIRkpGX29GYW9GaG9GaG9GMkY8 Luminosity 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
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">Solution</Text-field> LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= Calculate the solid angle subtended by the galaxy: 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 LyZJJk9tZWdhRzYiNiNJJGdhbEdGJSwkKiYkIitsPTIjZighIzoiIiItSSVVbml0RzYkL0krbW9kdWxlbmFtZUdGJUkmVW5pdHNHNiQlKnByb3RlY3RlZEdJKF9zeXNsaWJHRiVGNTYjNiMuSSNzckdGJUYtRi0=
<Text-field style="Heading 2" layout="Heading 2">Radio Band</Text-field> Calculate the solid angle of the beam: JSFH 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 LyZJJk9tZWdhRzYiNiNJJWJlYW1HRiUsJComJCIrWlQuJFEmISM8IiIiLUklVW5pdEc2JC9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHRiVJJlVuaXRzRzYkJSpwcm90ZWN0ZWRHSShfc3lzbGliR0YlRjU2IzYjLkkjc3JHRiVGLUYt Convert the specific intensity, which is the flux density per solid angle, to ergs/s. LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYnLUklbXN1YkdGJDYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiSUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1GIzYoLUYvNiVRJyYjOTU3O0YnL0YzUSZmYWxzZUYnL0Y2USdub3JtYWxGJ0YyLyUrZm9yZWdyb3VuZEdRLFsyMDAsMCwyMDBdRicvJStleGVjdXRhYmxlR0Y+LyUscGxhY2Vob2xkZXJHRjRGNS8lL3N1YnNjcmlwdHNoaWZ0R1EiMEYnLUkjbW9HRiQ2LVEiPUYnRj8vJSZmZW5jZUdGPi8lKnNlcGFyYXRvckdGPi8lKXN0cmV0Y2h5R0Y+LyUqc3ltbWV0cmljR0Y+LyUobGFyZ2VvcEdGPi8lLm1vdmFibGVsaW1pdHNHRj4vJSdhY2NlbnRHRj4vJSdsc3BhY2VHUSwwLjI3Nzc3NzhlbUYnLyUncnNwYWNlR0Zpbi1JJm1mcmFjR0YkNigtRiM2Jy1GLzYlUSNpYkYnRjJGNS1GTDYtUSJ+RidGP0ZPRlFGU0ZVRldGWUZlbi9GaG5RJjAuMGVtRicvRltvRmhvLUkobWZlbmNlZEdGJDYoLUYjNiYtRi82JVEkbUp5RidGMkY1RjJGREY1Rj8vSSttc2VtYW50aWNzR0YkUSVVbml0RicvJSVvcGVuR1EoJmxvYnJrO0YnLyUmY2xvc2VHUSgmcm9icms7RidGYnBGREY/LUYjNiktSSNtbkdGJDYkUSU1LjM4RidGPy1GTDYtUScmc2RvdDtGJ0Y/Rk9GUUZTRlVGV0ZZRmVuRmdvRmlvLUklbXN1cEdGJDYlLUZecTYkUSMxMEYnRj8tRiM2Jy1GTDYtUSomdW1pbnVzMDtGJ0Y/Rk9GUUZTRlVGV0ZZRmVuL0ZoblEsMC4yMjIyMjIyZW1GJy9GW29GYHItRl5xNiRRIjhGJ0Y/RjJGREY1LyUxc3VwZXJzY3JpcHRzaGlmdEdGSi1GW3A2KC1GIzYmLUYvNiVRI3NyRidGMkY1RjJGREY1Rj9GYnBGZXBGaHBGYnBGMkZERjUvJS5saW5ldGhpY2tuZXNzR1EiMUYnLyUrZGVub21hbGlnbkdRJ2NlbnRlckYnLyUpbnVtYWxpZ25HRmNzLyUpYmV2ZWxsZWRHRj5GREY/ LyZeIyIiIjYjSSNudUc2IiwkKigkIitrJzRZYSVGJUYlLUklVW5pdEc2JC9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHRihJJlVuaXRzRzYkJSpwcm90ZWN0ZWRHSShfc3lzbGliR0YoRjQ2IzYjLkkkbUp5R0YoRiUtRi42IzYjLkkjc3JHRighIiJGJQ== 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 LCQqKCQiK2snNFlhJSEiIyIiIi1JJVVuaXRHNiQvSSttb2R1bGVuYW1lRzYiSSZVbml0c0c2JCUqcHJvdGVjdGVkR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGLUYwNiM2Iy5JI3NyR0YtISIiLUYpNiM2Iy5JI0p5R0YtRidGJw== JSFH 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 LyZeIyIiIjYjSSNudUc2IiwkKi4kIitrJzRZYSUhI0RGJS1JJVVuaXRHNiQvSSttb2R1bGVuYW1lR0YoSSZVbml0c0c2JCUqcHJvdGVjdGVkR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGKEY1NiM2Iy5JJGVyZ0dGKEYlLUYvNiM2Iy5JI3NyR0YoISIiLUYvNiM2Iy5JInNHRihGQCktRi82IzYjLkkjY21HRigiIiNGQC1GLzYjNiMuSSNIekdGKEZARiU= JSFHJSFH JSFH Calculating the flux density: LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= 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 LyZJImZHNiI2I0kjbnVHRiUsJCouJCIrPC5JXU0hI0kiIiItSSVVbml0RzYkL0krbW9kdWxlbmFtZUdGJUkmVW5pdHNHNiQlKnByb3RlY3RlZEdJKF9zeXNsaWJHRiVGNTYjNiMuSSRlcmdHRiVGLS1GLzYjNiMuSSNzckdGJUYtLUYvNiM2Iy5JInNHRiUhIiIpLUYvNiM2Iy5JI2NtR0YlIiIjRkUtRi82IzYjLkkjSHpHRiVGRUYt JSFH JSFH Calculating the flux (flux density times bandwidth): 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 L0kiZkc2IiwkKiwkIitlLDpEPCEjQSIiIi1JJVVuaXRHNiQvSSttb2R1bGVuYW1lR0YkSSZVbml0c0c2JCUqcHJvdGVjdGVkR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJEYyNiM2Iy5JJGVyZ0dGJEYqLUYsNiM2Iy5JI3NyR0YkRiotRiw2IzYjLkkic0dGJCEiIiktRiw2IzYjLkkjY21HRiQiIiNGQkYq JSFH JSFH Luminosity at 6.9 Mpc: LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYsLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEickYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1JI21vR0YkNi1RKiZjb2xvbmVxO0YnL0YzUSdub3JtYWxGJy8lJmZlbmNlR1EmZmFsc2VGJy8lKnNlcGFyYXRvckdGPS8lKXN0cmV0Y2h5R0Y9LyUqc3ltbWV0cmljR0Y9LyUobGFyZ2VvcEdGPS8lLm1vdmFibGVsaW1pdHNHRj0vJSdhY2NlbnRHRj0vJSdsc3BhY2VHUSwwLjI3Nzc3NzhlbUYnLyUncnNwYWNlR0ZMLUYsNiVRImRGJy9GMEY9RjktRjY2LVEnJnNkb3Q7RidGOUY7Rj5GQEZCRkRGRkZIL0ZLUSYwLjBlbUYnL0ZORlctSSVtc3VwR0YkNiUtSSNtbkdGJDYkUSMxMEYnRjktRiM2JS1GZ242JFEiNkYnRjlGL0YyLyUxc3VwZXJzY3JpcHRzaGlmdEdRIjBGJ0ZTLUYsNiVRI3BjRidGL0YyLUkobWZlbmNlZEdGJDYoLUYjNiUtRiw2JVEjY21GJ0YvRjJGL0YyRjkvSSttc2VtYW50aWNzR0YkUSVVbml0RicvJSVvcGVuR1EoJmxvYnJrO0YnLyUmY2xvc2VHUSgmcm9icms7RidGXXAvJStleGVjdXRhYmxlR0Y9Rjk= LCQqJiQiKysrTUhAIiM7IiIiLUklVW5pdEc2JC9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJJlVuaXRzRzYkJSpwcm90ZWN0ZWRHSShfc3lzbGliR0YtRjA2IzYjLkkjY21HRi1GJ0Yn LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= 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 L0kiTEc2IiwkKiokIisiMyZSSCkqIiNIIiIiLUklVW5pdEc2JC9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHRiRJJlVuaXRzRzYkJSpwcm90ZWN0ZWRHSShfc3lzbGliR0YkRjI2IzYjLkkkZXJnR0YkRiotRiw2IzYjLkkjc3JHRiRGKi1GLDYjNiMuSSJzR0YkISIiRio= LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=
<Text-field style="Heading 2" layout="Heading 2">B-Band</Text-field> Converting one square arcsecond to steradians: 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 LCQqJiQiK2JJV11CISM/IiIiLUklVW5pdEc2JC9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJJlVuaXRzRzYkJSpwcm90ZWN0ZWRHSShfc3lzbGliR0YtRjA2IzYjLkkjc3JHRi1GJ0Yn Calculating f\316\275 from equation (10) in the text, using the reference flux from Table 2 in the text: LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= 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 JCIrPStvLTshI0s= LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= This is the flux density (f\316\275) within a square arcsecond. Dividing this by the unit solid angle gives the specific intensity: 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 LyZeIyIiIjYjSSNudUc2IiwkKiYkIitFJUgnPW8hI0FGJS1JJVVuaXRHNiQvSSttb2R1bGVuYW1lR0YoSSZVbml0c0c2JCUqcHJvdGVjdGVkR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGKEY1NiM2Iy5JI3NyR0YoISIiRiU= Multiply this times the galaxy's solid angle to obtain the flux density of the galaxy: 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 JCIrTShSYDwmISNG LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= ergs per square centimetre per second per hertz. From Table 2 in the text, \316\224\316\273 = 0.098 \316\274m, and \316\273eff 0.438 \316\274m. Therefore, 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 L0ksJkRlbHRhOyZudTtHNiIkIisxQ1VKOiIiIg== LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= in units of hertz. Therefore, the flux (f = f\316\275 * \316\224\316\275) is: JSFH 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 JCIrRjdqRHohIzw= LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= ergs per second per square centimetre. And the luminosity (4*\317\200*r2*f) is 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 JCIrSSx6OlgiI04= LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= joules per second. LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= INTENSITY (erg/sr/cm2/Hz) LUMINOSITY (erg/s/sr) RADIO 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 B-BAND 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 LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYoLUkjbW5HRiQ2JVEmNC41MTZGJy8lK2V4ZWN1dGFibGVHUSZmYWxzZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdub3JtYWxGJy1JI21vR0YkNi5RIn5GJ0YvRjIvJSZmZW5jZUdGMS8lKnNlcGFyYXRvckdGMS8lKXN0cmV0Y2h5R0YxLyUqc3ltbWV0cmljR0YxLyUobGFyZ2VvcEdGMS8lLm1vdmFibGVsaW1pdHNHRjEvJSdhY2NlbnRHRjEvJSdsc3BhY2VHUSYwLjBlbUYnLyUncnNwYWNlR0ZJLUklbXN1cEdGJDYlLUYsNiVRIzEwRidGL0YyLUYjNiUtRiw2JVEjNDRGJ0YvRjJGL0YyLyUxc3VwZXJzY3JpcHRzaGlmdEdRIjBGJy1JI21pR0YkNiNRIUYnRi9GMg==
LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= Note that the intensity of the two bands differs by roughly 3 orders of magnitude while the luminosity differs by nearly 6 orders of magnitude.
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">References</Text-field> ------------------------------------------------------------------- Condon, J. (1987). A 1.49 GHz Atlas of Spiral Galaxies. ApJS, Ser 65, 485-541.
LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=