Radiative Pressure
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">Problem</Text-field> A circular solar sail with 100% reflectivity and a radius (R) of 600 m. is at rest in the Earth's orbit. The sail is oriented so that its normal points directly to the Sun. The total mass of the sail and its payload LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYmLUkjbW9HRiQ2LlEiKEYnLyUrZXhlY3V0YWJsZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ25vcm1hbEYnLyUmZmVuY2VHUSV0cnVlRicvJSpzZXBhcmF0b3JHRjEvJSlzdHJldGNoeUdGNy8lKnN5bW1ldHJpY0dGMS8lKGxhcmdlb3BHRjEvJS5tb3ZhYmxlbGltaXRzR0YxLyUnYWNjZW50R0YxLyUnbHNwYWNlR1EsMC4xNjY2NjY3ZW1GJy8lJ3JzcGFjZUdGRi1JJW1zdWJHRiQ2JS1JI21pR0YkNiZRIm1GJy8lJ2l0YWxpY0dGN0YvL0YzUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1GIzYmLUZNNiZRJXNhaWxGJ0ZQRi9GUkYvLyUwZm9udF9zdHlsZV9uYW1lR1EpMkR+SW5wdXRGJ0YyLyUvc3Vic2NyaXB0c2hpZnRHUSIwRidGL0Yy) is 900 kg. The sail moves toward Mars along a trajectory of increasing r. As it does so, its velocity (v) and acceleration (a) increase. Calculate the radiative pressure on the sail, a(r), v(r), v at the orbit of Mars, and how many days are required to reach Mars. (Other symbols used: c (speed of light), 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(mass of Sun), L (solar luminosity), r0 (astronomical unit)., rm (distance from Sun to Mars). JSFH Hints: The problem is most easily solved by doing the calculations in the order mentioned in the problem statement. When integrating over the distance travelled, integrate from 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 to 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. JCIrK1MhKnpBIiIj
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JSFH
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">Useful Equations</Text-field> Pressue of Fully Reflective Sail Pointing Directly Toward Light Source. Total Flux on the Sail is 2f. 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LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYwLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiTEYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1JI21vR0YkNi1RIj1GJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRicvJSZmZW5jZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvJSpzZXBhcmF0b3JHRj0vJSlzdHJldGNoeUdGPS8lKnN5bW1ldHJpY0dGPS8lKGxhcmdlb3BHRj0vJS5tb3ZhYmxlbGltaXRzR0Y9LyUnYWNjZW50R0Y9LyUnbHNwYWNlR1EsMC4yNzc3Nzc4ZW1GJy8lJ3JzcGFjZUdGTC1JI21uR0YkNiRRIjRGJ0Y5LUY2Ni1RJyZzZG90O0YnRjlGO0Y+RkBGQkZERkZGSC9GS1EmMC4wZW1GJy9GTkZXLUY2Ni1RIn5GJ0Y5RjtGPkZARkJGREZGRkhGVkZYLUYsNiVRI1BpRicvRjBGPUY5RlMtSSVtc3VwR0YkNiUtRiw2JVEickYnRi9GMi1GIzYmLUZQNiRRIjJGJ0Y5LyUrZXhlY3V0YWJsZUdGMS8lMGZvbnRfc3R5bGVfbmFtZUdRKTJEfklucHV0RidGOS8lMXN1cGVyc2NyaXB0c2hpZnRHUSIwRidGUy1GLDYlUSJmRidGL0YyLUYsNiNRIUYnRmVvRmdvRjk= Total Force = Light + Gravity 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 Velocity as a Function of Distance 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 Time as a Function of Velocity 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
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">Solution</Text-field> The formula for radiative pressure on a perfectly reflecting surface is: 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 For a perfectly reflecting sail pointing directly to the Sun and with pressure expressed as force per unit area: 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 JSFH Since 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 JSFH 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 LyZJIkZHNiI2I0kicEdGJSwkKiwkIisucmYzQiIjOSIiIiktSSVVbml0RzYkL0krbW9kdWxlbmFtZUdGJUkmVW5pdHNHNiQlKnByb3RlY3RlZEdJKF9zeXNsaWJHRiVGNjYjNiMuSSJtR0YlIiIjRi0tRjA2IzYjLkkiV0dGJUYtLUYwNiMqJkY5Ri02Iy5JInNHRiUhIiJGSClJInJHRiVGPEZIRi0= JSFH where R is the radius of the sail, L is the luminosity of the Sun, c is light speed, and r is the distance to the Sun. The force of gravity exerted by the Sun is LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYqLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiRkYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1JKG1mZW5jZWRHRiQ2Ji1GIzYlLUYsNiVRImdGJ0YvRjIvJStleGVjdXRhYmxlR1EmZmFsc2VGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRidGQC8lJW9wZW5HUSJbRicvJSZjbG9zZUdRIl1GJy1JI21vR0YkNi1RIj1GJ0ZALyUmZmVuY2VHRj8vJSpzZXBhcmF0b3JHRj8vJSlzdHJldGNoeUdGPy8lKnN5bW1ldHJpY0dGPy8lKGxhcmdlb3BHRj8vJS5tb3ZhYmxlbGltaXRzR0Y/LyUnYWNjZW50R0Y/LyUnbHNwYWNlR1EsMC4yNzc3Nzc4ZW1GJy8lJ3JzcGFjZUdGZm4tRkk2LVEqJnVtaW51czA7RidGQEZMRk5GUEZSRlRGVkZYL0ZlblEsMC4yMjIyMjIyZW1GJy9GaG5GXW8tSSZtZnJhY0dGJDYoLUYjNistRiw2JVEiR0YnRi9GMi1GSTYtUScmc2RvdDtGJ0ZARkxGTkZQRlJGVEZWRlgvRmVuUSYwLjBlbUYnL0ZobkZbcC1GLDYlUSJNRidGL0YyLUY2NiYtRiM2JS1GLDYlUSRzdW5GJ0YvRjJGPUZARkBGQkZFRmdvLUYsNiVRIm1GJ0YvRjItRjY2Ji1GIzYlLUYsNiVRJXNhaWxGJ0YvRjJGPUZARkBGQkZFRj1GQC1GIzYnLUklbXN1cEdGJDYlLUYsNiVRInJGJ0YvRjItRiM2Jy1JI21uR0YkNiRRIjJGJ0ZARi9GPS8lMGZvbnRfc3R5bGVfbmFtZUdRKDJEfk1hdGhGJ0YyLyUxc3VwZXJzY3JpcHRzaGlmdEdRIjBGJ0YvRj1GX3JGMi8lLmxpbmV0aGlja25lc3NHUSIxRicvJStkZW5vbWFsaWduR1EnY2VudGVyRicvJSludW1hbGlnbkdGanIvJSliZXZlbGxlZEdGPy1GSTYtUSI6RidGQEZMRk5GUEZSRlRGVkZYRlpGZ25GPUZA Thus the total force (light + gravity) on the sail is: 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 LywmJkkiRkc2IjYjSSJsR0YmIiIiJkYlNiNJImdHRiZGKSwkKigkIisuR1k4NiIjOUYpKUkickdGJiIiIyEiIi1JJVVuaXRHNiQvSSttb2R1bGVuYW1lR0YmSSZVbml0c0c2JCUqcHJvdGVjdGVkR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJkY9NiMqKCk2Iy5JIm1HRiYiIiRGKTYjLkkja2dHRiZGKSk2Iy5JInNHRiZGNEY1RilGKQ== LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic=LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= Divide the force on the sail by its mass to get the acceleration as a function of distance: 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 Ly1JImFHNiI2I0kickdGJSomLCYqLCQiKyMqeTVsRCIjNiIiIiktSSVVbml0RzYkL0krbW9kdWxlbmFtZUdGJUkmVW5pdHNHNiQlKnByb3RlY3RlZEdJKF9zeXNsaWJHRiVGNzYjNiMuSSJtR0YlIiIjRi4tRjE2IzYjLkkiV0dGJUYuLUYxNiMqJkY6Ri42Iy5JInNHRiUhIiJGSS1GMTYjNiMuSSNrZ0dGJUZJRi4qKCQiKEZ6SyIiIzlGLi1GMTYjKigpRjoiIiRGLkZMRkkpRkZGPUZJRi5GSkYuRklGLilGJ0Y9Rkk= LUkmbW92ZXJHNiMvSSttb2R1bGVuYW1lRzYiSSxUeXBlc2V0dGluZ0dJKF9zeXNsaWJHRic2JS1JI21vR0YkNi5RJyZyYXJyO0YnLyUwZm9udF9zdHlsZV9uYW1lR1EoMkR+TWF0aEYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdub3JtYWxGJy8lJmZlbmNlR1EmZmFsc2VGJy8lKnNlcGFyYXRvckdGNy8lKXN0cmV0Y2h5R1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUqc3ltbWV0cmljR0Y3LyUobGFyZ2VvcEdGNy8lLm1vdmFibGVsaW1pdHNHRjcvJSdhY2NlbnRHRjcvJSdsc3BhY2VHUSwwLjI3Nzc3NzhlbUYnLyUncnNwYWNlR0ZHLUkmbXRleHRHRiQ2JVEyc2ltcGxpZnl+c3ltYm9saWNGJ0YvRjJGQw== LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYyLUkjbWlHRiQ2KVEpc2ltcGxpZnlGJy8lJ2ZhbWlseUdRMFRpbWVzfk5ld35Sb21hbkYnLyUlYm9sZEdRJmZhbHNlRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJStmb3JlZ3JvdW5kR1EoWzAsMCwwXUYnLyUrZXhlY3V0YWJsZUdGNC8lLG1hdGh2YXJpYW50R1EnaXRhbGljRictSSNtb0dGJDYxUSIoRidGL0YyRjhGOy9GPlEnbm9ybWFsRicvJSZmZW5jZUdGNy8lKnNlcGFyYXRvckdGNC8lKXN0cmV0Y2h5R0Y3LyUqc3ltbWV0cmljR0Y0LyUobGFyZ2VvcEdGNC8lLm1vdmFibGVsaW1pdHNHRjQvJSdhY2NlbnRHRjQvJSdsc3BhY2VHUSwwLjE2NjY2NjdlbUYnLyUncnNwYWNlR0ZWLUZBNjFRIn5GJ0YvRjJGOEY7RkQvRkdGNEZIL0ZLRjRGTEZORlBGUi9GVVEmMC4wZW1GJy9GWEZpbi1JKG1hY3Rpb25HRiQ2JS1JKm12ZXJiYXRpbUdGJDYjUWZjbS8tSSJhRzYiNiNJInJHNiIqJiwmKiwkIisjKnk1bEQiIzYiIiIpLUklVW5pdEc2JC9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJJlVuaXRzRzYkJSpwcm90ZWN0ZWRHSShfc3lzbGliRzYiJSpwcm90ZWN0ZWRHNiM2Iy5JIm1HNiIiIiMiIiItSSVVbml0RzYkL0krbW9kdWxlbmFtZUc2IkkmVW5pdHNHNiQlKnByb3RlY3RlZEdJKF9zeXNsaWJHNiIlKnByb3RlY3RlZEc2IzYjLkkiV0c2IiIiIi1JJVVuaXRHNiQvSSttb2R1bGVuYW1lRzYiSSZVbml0c0c2JCUqcHJvdGVjdGVkR0koX3N5c2xpYkc2IiUqcHJvdGVjdGVkRzYjKiY2Iy5JIm1HNiIiIiI2Iy5JInNHNiIhIiIhIiItSSVVbml0RzYkL0krbW9kdWxlbmFtZUc2IkkmVW5pdHNHNiQlKnByb3RlY3RlZEdJKF9zeXNsaWJHNiIlKnByb3RlY3RlZEc2IzYjLkkja2dHNiIhIiIiIiIqKCQiKEZ6SyIiIzkiIiItSSVVbml0RzYkL0krbW9kdWxlbmFtZUc2IkkmVW5pdHNHNiQlKnByb3RlY3RlZEdJKF9zeXNsaWJHNiIlKnByb3RlY3RlZEc2IyooKTYjLkkibUc2IiIiJCIiIjYjLkkja2dHNiIhIiIpNiMuSSJzRzYiIiIjISIiIiIiLUklVW5pdEc2JC9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJJlVuaXRzRzYkJSpwcm90ZWN0ZWRHSShfc3lzbGliRzYiJSpwcm90ZWN0ZWRHNiM2Iy5JI2tnRzYiIiIiISIiIiIiKUkickc2IiIiIyEiIkYnLyUrYWN0aW9udHlwZUdROm1hcGxlc29mdC5jb206bGFiZWwoTDE4NilGJy8lJXZpZXdHUSZsYWJlbEYnLUZBNjFRIixGJ0YvRjJGOEY7RkRGZm4vRklGN0ZnbkZMRk5GUEZSRmhuL0ZYUSwwLjMzMzMzMzNlbUYnRlktRkE2MVEiJ0YnRi9GMkY4RjtGREZmbkZIRmduRkxGTkZQRlIvRlVRLDAuMTExMTExMWVtRidGam4tRiw2KVEpc3ltYm9saWNGJ0YvRjJGNUY4RjtGPUZecEZZLUZBNjFRIilGJ0YvRjJGOEY7RkRGRkZIRkpGTEZORlBGUkZURldGL0YyRjhGO0ZE Ly1JImFHNiI2I0kickdGJSwkKigkIisjKjM9UDciIzYiIiIpRiciIiMhIiItSSVVbml0RzYkL0krbW9kdWxlbmFtZUdGJUkmVW5pdHNHNiQlKnByb3RlY3RlZEdJKF9zeXNsaWJHRiVGODYjKiYpNiMuSSJtR0YlIiIkRi0pNiMuSSJzR0YlRi9GMEYtRi0= LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= JSFH Calculate the velocity: LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= 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 LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= Therefore, 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 LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= 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JSFH 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 LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= 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 JCIrQC8sdDoiIiI= JSFH JSFH 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 LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= Substituting the distance to Mars (1.524 A.U.) for the dummy variable \317\201: 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 L0kidkc2IiwkKiYkIis6J0daUSMhIiYiIiItSSVVbml0RzYkL0krbW9kdWxlbmFtZUdGJEkmVW5pdHNHNiQlKnByb3RlY3RlZEdJKF9zeXNsaWJHRiRGMjYjKiY2Iy5JIm1HRiRGKjYjLkkic0dGJCEiIkYqRio= JSFH The sail would be moving at 23.8 km/sec by the time it reached the orbit of Mars. To calculate the time required for the voyage: LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= 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 L0kidEc2IiomSSJ2R0YkISIiLCZJInJHRiQiIiIqJiQiKysrKydcIiIiI0YqLUklVW5pdEc2JC9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHRiRJJlVuaXRzRzYkJSpwcm90ZWN0ZWRHSShfc3lzbGliR0YkRjY2IzYjLkkibUdGJEYqRidGKg== JSFH 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 L0kidEc2IiQiK2hTYWZkISIk LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= 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 LywkKiYjIiIiIiYraylGJkkidEc2IkYmRiYkIitmKlFobSchIik= LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRic= It would take about 67 days for the solar sail to reach the orbit of Mars. A more accurate formula would take into consideration the reflectivity of the sail: 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 where Fs is the solar constant (1358 W/m2), c is the speed of light, LUklbXN1Ykc2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JlEiQUYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUrZXhlY3V0YWJsZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0YnLUklbXJvd0dGJDYmLUYsNiZRInNGJ0YvRjJGNUYyLyUwZm9udF9zdHlsZV9uYW1lR1EpMkR+SW5wdXRGJy9GNlEnbm9ybWFsRicvJS9zdWJzY3JpcHRzaGlmdEdRIjBGJw== is the area of the sail, \317\201 is the surface reflectance (1 for perfect reflectance), and \316\270 is the angle of incidence (Sellers, 2004).
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<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">References</Text-field> Sellers, J. (2004). Understanding Space: An Introduction to Astronautics. Boston: Custom Publishing.
JSFH